Unexpected changes of itinerary – adaptive functioning difficulties in daily transitions for adults with autism spectrum disorder     

Ewelina Rydzewska 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2016,31(3):330-343

Adaptive functioning skills, also known as adaptive behaviours, refer to a multifaceted concept defined as behaviours necessary for age-appropriate, independent functioning in social, communication, daily living or motor areas. In light of the growing population of children with ASD who will eventually become adults, increased understanding of adaptive functioning during the transition to adulthood is of importance, but current research in this area lacks first-hand evidence presenting adaptive skills difficulties among older adolescents and adults with ASD. This article focuses on adaptive functioning skills in daily transitions for adults with Asperger’s syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA). It draws on evidence from 12 interviews with individuals on the autism spectrum age 16–43, and 2 focus groups with 8 family members of people affected by ASD. Particular emphasis is placed on impact of adaptive functioning difficulties on well-being and quality of life for adults with ASD. Grounded theory approach has been used to analyse the gathered data. Interviewees reflected on daily challenges associated with unexpected changes in routine, sensory difficulties and social interactions. These in turn had an impact on their adaptive functioning skills by introducing complications in the process of making transitions between different contexts and decreasing interviewees’ ability to tackle challenges of daily life. Importance placed on societal expectations towards meeting bespoken standards and conforming to norms ruling the structure and interactions of daily life were also widely discussed. Frequently such expectations did not allow for factoring in the developmental nature of ASD and related difficulties, which as a result triggered additional complexity in managing daily transitions for adults on the spectrum. Further research addressing adaptive functioning skills in daily transitions for adults with ASD is needed.  相似文献   

Relationship between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Chen LY  Zhu WH  Chen ZW  Dai HL  Ren JJ  Chen JH  Chen LQ  Fang LZ 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,8(8):593-598

Objective: To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. Methods: A total of 2 374 subjects who received health examination in our hospital from Jan. 2004 to Dec. 2006 were enrolled in our study. Hyperuricemia is defined as ≥7 mg/dl (in men) or ≥6.0 mg/dl (in women). Metabolic syndrome was defined using AHA/NHLBI (American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) criteria. Results: (1) The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.10%. The condition was more common in men than in women (19.07% vs 3.42%). (2) Among men, uric acid concentration is statistically significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride. Uric acid is negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Uric acid concentration is most strongly correlated with serum triglyceride (r=0.379) and waist circumference (r=0.297). Among women, statistically significant positive correlations were noted for the serum uric acid concentrations with waist circumference, triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose. Serum triglyceride (r=0.329) and waist circumference (r=0.234) are most strongly correlated with uric acid concentrations. (3) Men with hyperuricemia had a 1.634-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome as compared with those without hyperuricemia odds ratio (OR)=1.634, P=0.000. Women with hyperuricemia had a 1.626-fold increased risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=1.626, P=0.000) as compared with those without hyperuricemia. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia is prevalent among Chinese population. Additionally, serum uric acid is positively associated with metabolic syndrome.  相似文献   

Training reading and phoneme awareness skills in children with Down syndrome     

Kristina Goetz  Charles Hulme  Sophie Brigstocke  Julia M. Carroll  Louise Nasir  M. Snowling 《Reading and writing》2008,21(4):395-412

The authors report a short-term reading intervention study involving 15 children with Down syndrome (DS) who attended mainstream schools. The intervention programme taught children phoneme segmentation and blending skills in the context of learning letter-sounds and working with words in books. The children were taught by their learning support assistants, who received special training for this purpose. Compared to a waiting group, a group of eight children with DS improved significantly on measures of early literacy skills (letter-sound knowledge, Early Word Recognition) following eight weeks of intervention. The waiting group started to make progress once they received the intervention. Both groups maintained progress on the literacy measures five months after the intervention had finished. The results suggest that children with DS can benefit from structured, phonics-based reading intervention.  相似文献   

Case Report:Lance-Adams syndrome:a report of two cases     

ZHANG Yan-xing    LIU Jian-ren  JIANG biao  LIU Hui-qin  DING Mei-ping  SONG Shui-jiang  ZHANG Bao-rong  ZHANG Hong  XU Bin  CHEN Huai-hong  WANG Zhong-jin  HUANG Jian-zheng 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2007,(10)

Chronic post-hypoxic myoclonus, also known as Lance-Adams syndrome (LAS), is a rare complication of successful cardiopulmanry resuscitation often accompanied by action myoclonus and cerebellar ataxia. It is seen in patients who have un-dergone a cardiorespiratory arrest, regained consciousness afterwards, and then developed myoclonus days or weeks after the event. Worldwide, 122 cases have been reported in the literature so far, including 1 case of Chinese. Here we report 2 Chinese LAS patients with detailed neuroimagings. Cranial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of patient 1, a 52-year-old woman, showed a mild hypoperfusion in her left temporal lobe, whereas patient 2, a 54-year-old woman, manifested a mild bilateral decrease of glucose metabolism in the frontal lobes and a mild to moderate decrease of the N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) peak in the bilateral hippocampi by cranial [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET) scan and cranial magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), respectively. We also review the literature on the neuroimaging, pathogenesis, and treatment of LAS.  相似文献   

A probiotic treatment containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus improves IBS symptoms in an open label trial   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Fan YJ  Chen SJ  Yu YC  Si JM  Liu B 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(12):987-991

INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The typical symptoms are abdominal pain, flatulence, and irregular bowel movement. Prevalence rates are re- ported to be as high as 30% in the general population (Drossman et al., 1982), corresponding to about 25%~50% of all patients who need gastroenterolo- gist’s help (Everhart and Renault, 1991). Despite this high prevalence, the cause of IBS is unknown. Many factors are likely to …  相似文献   

更年期综合征的中医辨证疗法举隅     

高莉萍 《泰州职业技术学院学报》2004,4(1):63-64

更年期是人生的重要阶段，是生命之秋，也是多病多难之时。更年期综合征的临床常见证型有：肝肾阴虚型，脾肾阳虚型，心脾两虚型，肝郁脾虚型。准确的辨证是治疗本病的关键，治以“绝经后着重在脾”为要点，  相似文献   

A linguistic dissociation in Williams syndrome: Good at gender agreement but poor at lexical retrieval     

Monnery  Sandrine  Seigneuric  Alix  Zagar  Daniel  Robichon  Fabrice 《Reading and writing》2002,15(5-6):589-612

Williams syndrome (WS) is a rareneuro-developmental disorder characterised byspared language in the face of serious deficitsin nonlinguistic cognitive abilities. Weconducted a study on ten WS individuals inwhich gender agreement and gender assignmentwere assessed by means of two tasks: gendercategorisation and gender concord. Subjectsperformed gender categorisation to real nounswhose gender was regular or exceptional giventheir ending, and to invented nouns which werecomposed of nonword or word stems and realword-endings. The same material was used in thegender concord task in which subjects had tomatch the items with the appropriate form ofthe article and the adjective carrying genderagreement. In the gender categorisation of realwords, WS were lower than controls but bothgroups demonstrated a similar sensitivity togender-ending regularities. In the gendercategorisation of nonwords, the results showeda clear dissociation. The WS subjects producedmore ending-consistent responses than thecontrols. Contrary to the controls, WS reliedheavily on the gender clue provided by theending even when the gender of the word evokedby the stem of the invented word was opposed tothat evoked by the ending. Participants with WSwere not influenced by the specific word evokedby the stem of the invented word. In the secondtask (concord task), the WS subjects performed well although lower than thecontrols. We concluded that the WS people werenot impaired in gender agreement which relieson syntactic rules and/or on the extraction ofregularities but experienced difficulties inretrieving lexical instances.  相似文献   

高职课程项目化教学及“驾证式”考核探索——以“建筑识图与构造”课程为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金梅珍  吕淑珍  张正平 《江苏经贸职业技术学院学报》2011,(2):77-80

从高职建筑工程技术专业教育的人才培养目标出发,通过分析目前高职课程教学存在的问题,针对"建筑识图与构造"课程建设,探索实施项目化(任务)教学模式、"驾证式"考核方式、适应课程教学体系构建方法的项目化特色教材的课程建设思路。  相似文献   

彩超与TCD联合检查头臂型大动脉炎的价值     

佘亚鹏  赵新民 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2006,23(5):21-24

目的：探讨经颅多普勒与彩色多普勒超声联合检查头臂型大动脉炎的价值。方法：应用彩超和TCD检查7例头臂型大动脉炎患者的颅内和颅外动脉．分析二维及血流动力学指标。结果：头臂型大动脉炎病变多位于颅外动脉起始段或近心端（84％）；颅外段动脉狭窄程度与颅内动脉流速呈大致负相关；结论：彩超与TCD联合检查头臂型大动脉炎，对于了解动脉炎所致血管狭窄的分布情况及分析颅外动脉狭窄或闭塞对颅内循环的影响具有重要诊断价值。  相似文献   

Antiphospholipid syndrome:a survey of clinical characters in ten cases     

陈李华  姜玲玲  厉有名  彭清璧 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2003,(5)

INTRODUCTIONAPSisthesumtotalthatcoversaseriesofclinicalmanifestations,causedbyantiphospho lipidantibodies (APL)associatedwithhabitualabortionorintrauterinefetaldeath ,arterialandvenousthrombus,thrombocytopeniaandhemo lyticanemia.APL ,acomplement fixingant…  相似文献